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Samsung Electronics' chip production line in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province / Courtesy of Samsung Electronics Broadcom's rise may provide new opportunity for chipmakers The outlook for fourth-quarter earnings at Samsung Electronics and SK hynix is clouded by a negative market environment, driven by sluggish demand for information technology (IT) devices, and falling prices for legacy DRAM chips. According to market tracker FnGuide, brokerages estimate Samsung Electronics' operating profit for the fourth quarter at 9.22 trillion won ($6.3 billion) as of Wednesday, a decrease of nearly 5 percent from 9.7 trillion won a month earlier. Throughout this month, local brokerages have been revising their estimates for Samsung’s operating profit, citing an oversupply of legacy memory chips due to sluggish demand for IT devices and undercutting by Chinese firms. “In (the) fourth quarter, the memory market faces challenges stemming from excessive inventory in the chips for PC and mobile devices, necessitating further price cuts to boost shipping volumes,” iM Securities analyst Song Myung-sub said, lowering his estimation for the company’s fourth-quarter operating profit to 8.3 trillion won from 9.9 trillion won. “Consequently, chances are high for Samsung's memory shipment volumes or average selling prices falling short of current market expectations.” According to DRAMeXchange, the average price of a DDR4 8GB 1Gx8 memory module, which is mostly used in PCs, dropped by 35.7 percent from $2.10 in July to $1.35 in November. Market observers attribute the price drop to undercutting by Chinese memory manufacturers, with companies like CXMT and JHICC supplying DDR4 8GB chips at prices between $0.75 and $1. The slowdown in the legacy DRAM business is impacting Samsung more significantly, as high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, which are in increasing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) processors, still account for only a small share of the company's earnings. “Samsung’s DRAM business is expected to underperform the market estimation because of delays in supplying HBM3e chips for Nvidia, CXMT’s undercutting and deteriorating supply and demand conditions for legacy DRAM chips,” Kiwoom Securities analyst Park Yoo-ak said. SK Group Chairman Chey Tae-won, left, listens to an official at SK hynix's high-bandwidth memory chip production line in Icheon, Gyeonggi Province, Aug. 5. Courtesy of SK Group Although the situation is slightly better for SK hynix, which now stands as the world’s top supplier of HBM, the market is also lowering its estimation for the company’s fourth-quarter earnings due to the sluggish legacy chip market. The market consensus for SK hynix’s fourth-quarter earnings was 8.05 trillion won as of Wednesday, down 1.2 percent from 8.15 trillion won a month earlier. “Samsung Electronics and SK hynix will be able to rebound after showcasing sluggish performances in the fourth quarter of this year,” DAOL Investment & Securities analyst Ko Young-min said. The market expects that the two chipmakers will accelerate their transition efforts toward HBM to cope with the growing demand for AI processors. Speculation is also rising that U.S.-based Broadcom is turning to the two Korean firms to secure HBM4, which will be produced starting next year, for its AI application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The Korea Economic Daily reported earlier this week that SK hynix received Broadcom’s request for HBM4 and has begun developing the prototype. Samsung Electronics also initiated discussions with Broadcom over HBM4 supplies. Given that Nvidia has already secured most of the HBM chips that SK hynix will produce next year, industry officials expect that Samsung may cover orders from Broadcom. While graphics processing units, or GPUs, like those used in Nvidia’s AI processors, offer more versatility for general computing, ASICs are more efficient for specialized tasks and are typically priced lower than GPUs. To remove this article -Most manufacturers recognise technology adoption as a critical driver of profitability and competitiveness, but current investments remain modest, with many allocating less than 10 per cent of their budgets, stated a Manufacturing Competitiveness Study of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). ET Year-end Special Reads What kept India's stock market investors on toes in 2024? India's car race: How far EVs went in 2024 Investing in 2025: Six wealth management trends to watch out for However, the report added that a shift towards higher investment--targeting 11-15 per cent of budgets--is expected in the next two years, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and Big Data. Challenges such as high costs, unclear Return on Investment, and the integration of legacy systems persist, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), it said. Additionally, the report underscores the urgent need for workforce upskilling to bridge the skills gap and enable seamless adoption of advanced technologies. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) released Manufacturing Competitiveness Study, focusing on the transformative impact of smart technologies on India's manufacturing sector. 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View Program Data Science SQL for Data Science along with Data Analytics and Data Visualization By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Artificial Intelligence(AI) AI and Analytics based Business Strategy By - Tanusree De, Managing Director- Accenture Technology Lead, Trustworthy AI Center of Excellence: ATCI View Program Web Development A Comprehensive ASP.NET Core MVC 6 Project Guide for 2024 By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Marketing Digital Marketing Masterclass by Pam Moore By - Pam Moore, Digital Transformation and Social Media Expert View Program Artificial Intelligence(AI) AI-Powered Python Mastery with Tabnine: Boost Your Coding Skills By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Office Productivity Mastering Microsoft Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and 365 By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Marketing Digital marketing - Wordpress Website Development By - Shraddha Somani, Digital Marketing Trainer, Consultant, Strategiest and Subject Matter expert View Program Office Productivity Mastering Google Sheets: Unleash the Power of Excel and Advance Analysis By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Web Development Mastering Full Stack Development: From Frontend to Backend Excellence By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program Finance Financial Literacy i.e Lets Crack the Billionaire Code By - CA Rahul Gupta, CA with 10+ years of experience and Accounting Educator View Program Data Science SQL Server Bootcamp 2024: Transform from Beginner to Pro By - Metla Sudha Sekhar, IT Specialist and Developer View Program The report, titled ' Smart Manufacturing : Unlocking India's Potential,' highlights the sector's ongoing digital transformation and its critical role in achieving the ambitious goal of increasing the manufacturing GDP share to 25 per cent in the near future. The report showcases how cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), robotics, and automation are reshaping the manufacturing landscape, driving optimization, innovation, and global competitiveness. High-capital industries like Semiconductors, Aerospace, and Automotive are leading the charge in adopting these technologies, while traditional sectors like Textiles and Food Processing are gradually transitioning towards digitalization. To address these barriers, the study recommends fostering public-private partnerships to establish shared technology hubs, increasing budget allocations for technology, strengthening industry-academia collaboration, and implementing supportive policies to encourage broader adoption of smart manufacturing. Speaking about the report, Deepak Shetty, Chairman of the Council on Manufacturing Excellence, CII and CEO & Managing Director, JCB India Limited, said, "India's manufacturing landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the rapid adoption of innovative technologies." Deepak Jain, Co-Chair of the Council on Manufacturing Excellence, CII and Chairman, Lumax Group, said, "This report highlights a transformative moment for India's manufacturing sector, where advanced technologies are reshaping processes and addressing challenges like supply chain visibility to drive industrial excellence." (You can now subscribe to our Economic Times WhatsApp channel )Eagles clinch division title, Bills claim AFC second seed

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The United States Food and Drug Administration has just approved the first-ever clinical trial that uses CRISPR-Cas13 RNA editing. Its aim is to treat an eye disease called wet age-related macular degeneration that causes vision loss in millions of older people worldwide. This trial marks a new frontier in gene therapy —the process of treating or curing medical conditions by changing a person's genes. What makes it special is the fact the therapy targets RNA, instead of DNA. So, what does that mean, and why should we be excited? What is gene editing and how is it used? Genes are made up of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Nearly all cells in your body have the same DNA, the material that makes your body uniquely yours. If anything goes wrong in your DNA, it can result in various diseases. Thanks to recent advances, we now have the tools to directly change someone's DNA—this has paved the way for gene editing as a type of gene therapy . It is done using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which was created after scientists discovered that bacteria defend against invading viruses by capturing their DNA and destroying it. This makes gene editing highly useful when designing new treatments for genetic conditions where you need to correct faulty DNA. Gene editing has already been trialed in people. Earlier this year, a successful clinical trial was done to test the safety of a new gene editing therapy for an inherited eye disease . Gene editing has also been trialed for a heart disorder called transthyretin amyloidosis , as well as blood disorders . Gene editing causes permanent changes to a person's genes, effectively rewriting parts of their DNA. But altering DNA comes with its own challenges and risks . Care must be taken to avoid accidentally causing unintended but permanent changes to DNA elsewhere in the gene, which could lead to unwanted mutations. What is RNA and how does RNA editing work? One way to avoid the risks of editing DNA is to target RNA or ribonucleic acid instead. RNA is also in all our cells, and plays a key role in their functions. One of its jobs is making proteins. If DNA is the set of genetic instructions, RNA is what reads and translates those instructions into making the proteins our cells need. RNA editing, then, is also a type of gene therapy. Its goal is to change how RNA interprets genetic instructions to control how proteins are made. In most recent advancements, RNA editing uses the CRISPR-Cas13 system, a newer technique that was created specifically to help develop therapies that work with RNA. DNA editing is permanent, which is needed to treat genetic diseases. RNA editing events, on the other hand, are transient in nature because RNA molecules are constantly being made and degraded in our cells. RNA editing doesn't permanently change a person's DNA, but rather alters the steps that happen after the RNA molecule "reads" the DNA instructions. This means it can be used to produce more targeted results by, for example, only altering how one specific protein is made. This also makes it a potentially safer option over DNA editing, with fewer unintended effects on other cells. RNA editing also has an advantage where you can potentially control or reverse the therapy, providing a level of control DNA editing can't provide. This is an important factor to prevent over-treatment and makes it a versatile therapy for conditions where faulty DNA isn't the cause of the disease. So what is this first RNA editing trial going to do? Age-related macular degeneration or AMD affects more than 200 million people worldwide and is predicted to grow to 300 million by 2040 . As the name suggests, age plays a role—it almost exclusively affects people older than 55 years . AMD affects the health of the macula, the central part of the retina, which processes what we see. It's a leading cause of irreversible blindness around the world. Wet AMD occurs when there is a build-up of fluid and new, leaky blood vessels underneath the macula, causing rapid and severe impact to a person's central vision. Currently, it's treated with regular drug injections into the eye to control the growth of the leaky blood vessels. The drugs block VEGF , or vascular endothelial growth factor , a molecule that tells our bodies to make new blood vessels. This is where RNA editing comes in. In the lab, scientists have proven that the delivery of the RNA editing therapy via a safe, engineered virus allowed for an effective reduction of VEGF levels to stop new blood vessel growth in the eye through a one-off injection. For treating wet AMD, it would mean no more monthly needles. The FDA-approved clinical trial will now assess the safety of RNA editing therapy for wet AMD. It's also the first-ever clinical stage trial for a CRISPR-Cas13 RNA editing therapy, marking a significant milestone for the field of research. While it's early days for the technology, the new trial shows RNA editing therapies have arrived. It will be yet another powerful tool in humanity's arsenal to develop safe new therapies for various medical conditions. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .